CHALK EAST
Valuing Chalk landscape and geodiversity in the East of England
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Special Projects Landscapes, Winter fields at Heydon. Photo © Geo-East
 
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Resources


Geology
Landscape
Biodiversity and wildlife
Economy and culture
Organisations and projects


Click on these links for more information about on-line
and printed resources.

 



Professor Ichthyosaurus lecturing, by Henry de la Beche 1830.
 


 
Geology of the Chalk
 
On-line resources On-line resources

The Upper Cretaceous

Mesozoic palaeontology, including the Chalk

  • Fish and amphibians in the Geological Conservation Review - information on nationally important sites and palaeontology, including the region.
  • Reptilia in the Geological Conservation Review - information on nationally important sites and palaeontology, including the region.
  • British Chalk Fossils - an online resource by Robert Randell.
  • UK Fossils website - general advice on fossils and collecting sites.
  • Mesozoic Sharks - specimens from the K. Thomas collection.

The Cretaceous in general

 
Printed resources Printed resources
 
  • 'British Mesozoic Fossils' (British Museum (Natural History); Sixth Edition, 1983) - the classic guide book.
  • 'Fossils of the Chalk', edited by A.B. Smith & D.J. Batten (Palaeontographical Society Field Guide No.2; Second Edition, 2002) - in-depth information about Chalk palaeontology and species.
  • ‘The Cretaceous World’ edited by Peter W. Skelton (Open University / Cambridge UP; 2003) – a survey of the Cretaceous world and its workings using latest scientific evidence.
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Chalk landscapes, landforms and soils
 
On-line resources On-line resources
 
Landscape character
Detail about the varied, local facets of the region’s landscapes, and work to conserve them.

Landforms and soils

  • Karst sites in the Geological Conservation Review - information on nationally important sites, including those on the Chalk.
  • Soilscapes Viewer of the National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield, Beds.
  • Book and map catalogue of the National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield, Beds.
Printed resources Printed resources
 
Landscape and landforms
  • ‘Geomorphology’ by BW Sparks (Longman; 3rd Rev Edition; 1986) – a classic geomorphological text book, including Chalk landforms
  • ‘Southern England: The Geology and Scenery of Lowland England’ by PF Friend (Collins New Naturalist Library; 200) – a well-illustrated introduction to the landscapes of southern England, including the Chalk

Gardening on chalky soils

  • ‘A Chalk Garden’ by FC Stern (Faber & Faber; 2nd Edtn; 1974)
  • ‘Chalk and Limestone Gardening: A Guide to Success on Alkaline Soils’ by S. Coles (The Crowood Press Ltd; 2005)
  • ‘Gardening on Chalk and Limestone’ by E Bertram Anderson (W H & L Collingridge Ltd; 1965)
  • ‘Gardening on Lime and Chalk (Wisley Handbooks)’ by J.R.B. Evison (Cassell Illustrated; 3rd Revised edition; 1994)
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Chalk biodiversity
 
On-line resources On-line resources
 
Chalk grassland and chalk heath

Chalk rivers, springs and wetlands

Chalk reefs

 

Biodiversity Action Planning for chalk-related habitats

Links between Geodiversity and Biodiversity

  • Linking Geology and Biodiversity by R Cottle (English Nature Research Report No. 562; 2004) – investigates the strong ties between geology and biodiversity; includes consideration of the role of the Chalk (pp.27-30).
Printed resources Printed resources
 
  • ‘Chalkstream - In Praise of the Ultimate River’ by Charles Rangeley-Wilson (The Medlar Press, 2008) – a modern classic by a trout fishing enthusiast.

 

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Economy and culture of the Chalk
 
On-line resources On-line resources
 
Water supply
  • Anglian Water - covers most parts of the region; publishes Water Resources Management Plan including impacts on chalk rivers and springs; website fitting with the school curriculum at www.waterintheschool.co.uk; runs ‘Water for Wildlife’ project related to Lincolnshire chalk streams; mobile education centre geared up to the National Curriculum supporting permanent education centres
    at Chelmsford, Leighton Buzzard and Grafham Water.
  • Ashwell Springs (Ashwell, Herts) - water extraction for bottling from old Brewery borehole; website has information on biodiversity and hydrology.
  • Cambridge Water Company - covers south Cambridgeshire; publishes Water Resources Management Plan including impacts on chalk rivers and springs; environmental roadshows relating to water resources and efficiency.
  • Iceni Water (Duxford, Cambs) - water extraction from borehole; conducted tours of bottling plant.
  • Stifford Pumping Station (Back Lane, North Stifford, Grays, Essex) - extraction from 150ft borehole for Essex & Suffolk Water Company; station built 1928 with two diesel pumps, and adjacent Information Centre part of Davy Down Riverside Park.
  • Three Valleys Water - covers much of Hertfordshire and parts of Essex e.g. Saffron Walden; publishes Water Resources Management Plan including impacts on chalk rivers and springs; extraction 60% from Chalk aquifer; has publicly-accessible wildlife sites managed in conjunction with Herts & Middlesex WT at Rickmansworth and Watford; has an Environment and Education Centre at Bushey near Watford.
Products from the Chalk
  • CEMEX UK Cement Ltd – offices at Kensworth Quarry (nr Dunstable Beds) and at Barrington Quarry (Cambs).
  • Needham Chalks Ltd – quarries at Needham Market, Barking and Barton Mills, Suffolk; producing agricultural lime, industrial chalk, building lime, flint, etc.
  • British Lime Association – the trade association for the British lime industry; aims to broaden knowledge of the benefits of lime as well as representing the interests of the UK lime industry; has educational web pages: ‘Amazing facts’, ‘Dolomitic lime’, ‘How lime is made’, ‘Lime Cycle’.
  • Omya UK - Steeple Morden quarry (Herts) produces whiting powder, used for food products, paper coatings, industrial fillers and toothpaste; information about products.
  • Lime burning at the Weald & Downland Museum (Singleton, Chichester, Sussex) – information and demonstrations about constructing kiln out of bricks, burning lime, producing slaked lime mortar for building purposes.
  • Amberley Working Museum (Amberley, nr.Arundel, W Sussex) - expertise in interpretation of the lime industry; site has a number of kilns, including De Witt kilns 1910, being renovated.
  • British Calcium Carbonates Federation - Information about the chalk and calcium carbonates indusrty.
  Wikipedia pages  
 
     
Prehistoric flint tools
  • Beyond 2000bc - a website devoted to the art of flint knapping,‘the oldest trade on Earth’
  • Grimes Graves (Norfolk) - famous Neolithic flint mines, one of which is open to the public; displays and information about the mines. See also English Heritage website.
Settlement and farming on the Chalk
Museums

Bedfordshire
  • Bedford Museum (Castle Lane, Bedford, MK40 3XD; 01234 353323) - geological collections include 3500 specimens, especially Jurassic and Pleistocene; includes Geological Site Records Database.
  • Stockwood Discovery Centre (London Road, Luton, LU1 4LX; 01582 548600) - has a dedicated geological gallery with Cretaceous sea audiovisual and chalk related specimens, and local landscape interpretation; archaeological collections include Palaeolithic flints collected locally by Worthington G Smith.
  • See also Museums Bedfordshire.

Cambridgeshire

Essex

  • Chelmsford Museum (Oaklands Park, Moulsham St, Chelmsford, CM2 9AQ; 01245-605700) - has about fifty Chalk specimens on display, and many more in the collection.
  • Natural History Museum, Colchester (High Street, Colchester; 01206-282941; museums@colchester.gov.uk) - A small Cretaceous display, placing the period into a context of environmental change in Essex; Chalk sea underwater panorama; Chalk specimens in storage.
  • Saffron Walden Museum (Museum Street, Saffron Walden, CB10 1JL; 01799-510333) - 'The Earth Beneath Your Feet’ permanent display includes ‘The Chalk Sea’ panorama; has an important collection of over 900 Chalk specimens.
  • See also Museums in Essex.

Hertfordshire

Norfolk

  • Cromer Museum (East Cottages, Tucker Street, Cromer Norfolk NR27 9HB; 01263 513543) - a new Geology Gallery includes Chalk fossils; has an interpretation programme involving local geology, incl guided walks on West Runton beach.
  • Lynn Museum (Market Street, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE30 1NL; 01553 775001) - 108 Chalk specimens in the collection, viewable by appointment.
  • Norwich Castle Museum (Castle Meadow Norwich Norfolk NR1 3JU; 01603 493625) - has a small geological display including Chalk fossils, but large collections of Chalk fossils in storage.
  • Ancient House Museum of Thetford Life (White Hart Street Thetford Norfolk IP24 1AA; 01842 752599) - has a small case including Chalk fossils, and has chalk specimens in storage.
  • See also Norfolk Museums and Archaeology Service pages. Note: information about NMAS collections can be viewed here by going to the 'Collections Online for All' button and searching the relevant museum's collections. NMAS employs a geological curator.

Suffolk

  • Ipswich Museum (High Street, Ipswich IP1 3QH; 01473-433550) - has a big geology Gallery including Chalk fossils e.g. from Gipping valley; holds the biggest collection of Chalk fossils in Suffolk, perhaps 1000 specimens; employs a geological curator.
  • Mildenhall and District Museum (6 King Street, Mildenhall IP28 7EX; 01638-717970 or 713109) - has a specialist geological display, and a catalogued collection of chalk fossils.
  • Moyses Hall Museum (Cornhill, Bury St Edmunds IP33 1DX; 01284-706183) - has 178 Cretaceous specimens in storage.
  • See also Explore Suffolk Museums.
Cultural features of the Chalk
  • The Royston Cave (Herts) - a mediaeval bell-shaped chamber cut into the Chalk bedrock below Royston town centre, decorated with graffiti and striking religious images.
  • The Saffron Walden Maze (Essex) - a remarkable turf-cut maze, at least 300 years old.
Printed resources Printed resources
 
Flint knapping and chalkland archaeology
  • 'The Nature and Subsequent Uses of Flint: The Basics of Lithic Technology’ by John Lord (John Lord; 1993)
  • ‘The Palaeolithic Sites of East Anglia’ by J Wymer (Geobooks, Norwich; 1984) – a classic compendium of Palaeolithic sites and findspots in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, and parts of Cambs and Herts; includes palaeo-environmental information
  • Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts from deposits mapped as clay-with-flints by J E Scott-Jackson (Oxbow Books; 2000) - archaeology, geology and sedimentology of `clay-with-flints' of the Chalk downlands of southern England.

Turf art

  • 'White Horses and other hill figures' by Morris Marples (Alan Sutton; 1981) - classic, well researched survey of the history of turf art figures, including Wandlebury; first published 1949.
  • 'Gogmagog The Buried Gods' by TC Lethbridge (Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1957) - the story of Lethbridge's investigation and excavation of the supposed outlines of lost hill figures at Wandlebury, Cambs.

Fossil folklore

  • 'Formed Stones, Folklore and Fossils' by M Bassett (Geological Series No.1, National Museum of Wales; 1982) - the cultural use and mythology of fossils, including Chalk echinoids and belemnites

 
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Countryside organisations and projects
 
On-line resources On-line resources
 
Bedfordshire
 
Cambridgeshire
  • Friends of the Roman Road and Fleam Dyke - chalk grassland biodiversity on two ancient monuments, the Fleam Dyke (Anglo-Saxon) and the Roman Road (the route from Colchester to Cambridge). Leaflet available for download.
Essex
 
Hertfordshire
 
Norfolk
 
Suffolk
 
Printed resources Printed resources
 
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